The goal of maintaining the lowest practical turbine exhaust pressure is a primary reason for including the condenser in a thermal power plant. The air flow through an air cooled condenser can be due to natural draft or due to mechanical draft. Thermal power plants for utility in japan thermal power plants for private use and ipp plants in japan overseas thermal power plants geothermal power plants technical development tepco ooi thermal power station, unit no. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. Compress pdf files for publishing on web pages, sharing in social networks or sending by email. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size. Agilent technologies, vacuum products division, formerly varian vacuum technologies has developed a leak test solution specifically designed for the demanding conditions found in power generation condensers.
Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which either drives an electrical generator or does some other work, like ship propulsion. This report introduces the theoretical approach to the above technique with a brief description. A surface condenser is critical to the efficient operation of a power plant. May 05, 2017 a condenser in a power plant is a heat exchanger. Thermal power plant is based on the rankine cycle and in ideal rankine cycle, there are 4 processes and those are heat addition at constant pressure in boiler, isentropic expansion in turbine, constant pressure heat rejection in condenser and isentropic compression in pumps.
The focus in these meetings was on reducing plant consumptive water requirement by use of dry cooling system for condenser cooling in thermal power plants. The energy of a thermal power station not utilized in power production must leave the plant in the form of heat to the environment. In this paper the effects of the condenser design parameters such as turbine inlet condition, turbine power and condenser pressure on heat transfer area, cooling water flowrate, condenser cost and specific energy generation cost are studied for surface type condenser. Air is the environmentally preferred, and sometimes the only, choice for power plant cooling.
Final thermal power plant cover bureau of energy efficiency. This online pdf compressor allows to compress pdf files without degrading the resolution dpi, thus keeping your files printable and zoomable. A thermal power plant is a power plant where steam is used to drive a steam turbine. The thermal power plants are designed based on required conditions like a good quality of steam, pressure and temperature of steam etc.
In india, the subcritical and supercritical units of thermal power plants which were supplied by chinese have adopted with the dual pressure condenser technology. Effect of air ingress for maximum thermal efficiency, corresponding to a minimum back pressure, a vacuum is maintained in the condenser. For a subcritical plant it is below 42% for a new plant. So now we will discuss about the condenser, which plays a very vital role in the cycle. The results are given in the text and also shown as diagrams. Ensure your steam surface condenser is delivering optimum performance. Routine testing for condenser cooling water and air inleakage during suitable maintenance opportunities breatherbladdersnitrogen blanketing of makeup storage tanks checking makeup water quality prior to startup.
Cleanliness factor and condenser corrected pressure are the two most important evaluation indexes. The heat transfer coefficient on the shell side is calculated analytically and compared graphically with other condenser configurations. The first four units was bifurcated from the total 8 units of the plant, so that to form panipat thermal power station. Utility problem cooling water for condensers is supplied via circulating water pumps at the intake structure. Condenser w 0 steam power plant q h h out 4 1 the thermal efficiency of the rankine cycle is determine from net out th in in k 1 wq qq where w q q w w net in out turbine, out pump, in deviation of actual vapor power cycle from idealized ones the actual vapor power cycle differs from the ideal rankine cycle, as a result of. In this cycle, water is heated in the steam generator to produce high temperature and pressure steam. After this, the water is condensed, and may be used again. Pdf analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for. When the plant operates at 100 percent power, the main generator produces 1,200 mw at a 0. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for thermal power. Thermal power plant free download as powerpoint presentation.
Water flows through an inlet pipe to the inlet waterbox, through the tube bundle into the outlet waterbox, and out through the discharge pipe. Steam surface condenser modular changeout steam surface condensers modular changeouts thermal engineering international usa inc. For a supercritical power plant the best thermal efficiency may be around 4547%. Welcome to the most trusted and comprehensive condensers. The condenser houses the first two stages of low pressure heaters for simplified arrangement of the turbine building. Trends and future outlook for thermal power plants 71 fig. Mar 08, 2017 simulator of condenser system in thermal power plant. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and thermal efficiency rakesh bhoi1 nirvesh mehta2 kedar bhojak3 1,2department of mechanical engineering 1,2ldrpitr, gandhinagar, gujarat, india abstractthermal power plants are used to generate electricity by using fossil fuels.
Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate. August 2012 global steam condenser market expected to grow in future global electricity consumption has increased at a compound annual growth rate cagr of xx% over the past xx years. For the same turbine power output the water consumed by an aircooled condenser incorporating a hybrid drywet dephlegmator is at least 20% less than an aircooled condenser. An aircooled condenser was installed at chinas 2 x 300mw coalfired zhangshan power plant. A hybrid steam condenser using a higher surface area to diameter ratio of cooling a water tube has been analyzed.
Cost index for heat exchangers and condensers 81 a2. Parametric analysis of surface condenser for thermal power plant. The main purposes of the condenser are to condense the exhaust steam from the turbine for reuse in the cycle and to maximize turbine efficiency by maintaining proper vacuum. Condenser optimization in steam power plant springerlink. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser. Decreases the thermal efficiency of steam power plant.
The definition and derivation of these two evaluation indexes were elaborated and clari. Rankine cycle the rankine cycle used in modern power plants has many more components, but the four components are common to all power plants. A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and. Commonly, the cooling water flows through the tube side and the steam enters the shell side where the condensation occurs on the outside of the heat transfer tubes. The market for aircooling equipment in china continues to be very strong thanks to the countrys. The first four units was bifurcated from the total 8 units of the plant, so that to form panipat thermal power station i and ii. For power plants, 34inch, 78inch, and 1inch od tubes are the most prevalent sizes. For example, a number of power plants in india had to shut down temporarily during 2016 due to a lack of water, including five units totalling 1600 mw at the farakka coalfired power plant in west bengal, and four units 2600 mw in total at the tiroda plant in maharashtra power, 2016. Aug 28, 2017 the file contains all details of the condenser and cooling tower systems or thermal power plant. As a general rule, 34inch tubes are used in small condensers up to 15,000 square feet, 78inch tubes are used in condensers between 15,000 and 50,000 square feet. The power plant is one of the coal based power plants of hpgcl. This waste heat can go through a condenser and be disposed of with cooling water or in cooling towers.
Condenser failures can result in forced outages and loss of generation capacity. In thermal power station condenser place a vital role. Upgrading the condenser improves utilization of the thermal potential in the watersteam cycle. First, a brief introduction of ffpp fundamentals and con. Steam power plant water cooling to condense the low pressure steam exhaust from the turbine is a crucial part of the rankine power cycle typically used in a steam power plant. The additional auxiliary power required to operate the condensing system is small in comparison to the extra turbine output power obtained through the additional. Thermal efficiency of a thermal power plant is the ratio of electrical energy generated to the chemical energy of fuel consumed. Optimization of a condenser in a thermal power plant.
The main advantages of incorporating a steam condenser in a steam power plant are as follows. Oct 11, 2017 condenser in power plants is nothing but an equipment which is used to convert steam gas phase coming from turbines to water liquid phase. Surface condenser is the commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed on the exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. Analysis of rankine cycle and its utility in thermal power plant a theoretical approach 54 regarded as a control volume, operating at steady state. How is thermal power plant condenser is different from other condenser. Giram1, a theoretical investigation about thermal analysis and design considerations of a steam condenser has been undertaken. As the operating pressure of the condenser is lowered vacuum is increased.
Generally thermal efficiency of the steam power plant will be in the range of 3035%. What a plant is generating is the plant utilization factor. Thermal power plant under perform, achieve and trade v d auxiliary power consumption apc normalization 78 e plant load factor scheduling 81 f other normalization 86 g final normalization calculation for gas based thermal power plant 89 11. There are different procedures that can be used to heat the water. The thermal power plants are used to generate power. Oncethrough wet cooling wet recirculating evaporative dry cooling with air.
Condensers are delivered as fully tubed modules, so that little welding is required on site. Demand for electrical power is increasing at a repaid pace in our country. The most common methods for largescale heat dissipation include. The definition and derivation of these two evaluation indexes were elaborated and clarified in this paper. Today we will learn about thermal power plant, its main components along with working and its advantages and disadvantages. The overall efficiency of a fossil or nuclear power plant is strongly influenced by the performance of its condenser.
Performance characteristics of an aircooled condenser. Improvement power plant efficiency with condenser pressure. Condenser is the heat sink of a thermal power plant. The steam from the turbine is then condensed back into water in the condenser. Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible aug mentation in its heat transfer. Thermal energy from heat source thermal energy to ambient. For example, a power plant with a feedwater flow rate of 2. An approach to analyse energy and exergy analysis of thermal. Report on minimisation of water requirement in coal based thermal power stations 2 system. Steam power plant configuration, design, and control. This article provides an overview of fossilfuel power plant ffpp con. Some power plants have an open cycle once through cooling water system where water is taken from a body of water, such as a river, lake or ocean, pumped through the plant condenser and discharged back to the source. For completely arid inland areas, if a power plant incorporating steam cycle is needed, there is no other practical choice than dry cooling, opening new territories for plant sites.
Analysis of a condenser in a thermal power plant for possible. Pdf parametric analysis of surface condenser for thermal. The net gain in turbine output power is substantial, since for the same steam flow, the power output of the steam turbine now increases to 26. The distribution of the exergy losses in several plant components. Condenser and cooling tower power plant engineering. The condenser provides a vacuum that maximizes the energy extracted from the steam, resulting in a significant increase in net work and thermal efficiency. Inland plants away from large water bodies prefer to use closed cycle wet cooling system with wet cooling towers. This is the part of the subject power plant engineering in gtu slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The file contains all details of the condenser and cooling tower systems or thermal power plant.
Finally, explaining the procedure of analysis of thermal power plant systems by exegetical approach. Power plant resources are compiled in this industrial portal which provides information on manufacturers, distributors and service companies in the condensers. A surface condenser is a commonly used term for a watercooled shell and tube heat exchanger installed to condense exhaust steam from a steam turbine in thermal power stations. The surface condenser is a critical component in the operation of a steam power plant. Thus, to keep the concentration of noncondensable gases as low as possible, the condenser system must be leak tight. However finding leaks in power plant circuits presents a challenging set of problems. This steam is then expanded in a turbine to produce electricity from a generator that is connected to the turbine. Thermal power plant simple english wikipedia, the free. Modernization and upgrades for condenser modernization. The thermal efficiency of the entire unit was depended on the condenser performance. What is the overall efficiency of the thermal power plant or steam power plant. Plant modifications are planned that will upgrade the feedwater heaters and moisture separatorreheaters without changing. When the performances of the condenser will more the operation efficiency of thermal power plant.
Condensers larger than 50,000 square feet normally use at least 1inch tubes. A nuclear power plant has a thermal power rating of 3,200 mw. Thermal power plant, condenser, single pressure and dual pressure condenser. Effect of condenser backpressure on power plant heat rate and thermal efficiency rakesh bhoi1 nirvesh mehta2 kedar bhojak3 1,2department of mechanical engineering 1,2ldrpitr, gandhinagar, gujarat, india abstract thermal power plants are used to generate electricity by using fossil fuels. Optimization of a condenser in a thermal power plant gokhan ozdamar1 and recep ozturk2 1university of firat, department of mechanical engineering, elazig 2 university of yildiz technical, department of mechanical engineering, istanbul email. Condenser is one of the important auxiliary equipments in nuclear power plants.
After it passes through the turbine the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated. The second meeting of the committee was held in cea, new delhi on 25. Tei condensers represent an evolution of advanced technology, offering improved thermal efficiency and advanced mechanical design to reduce forced outages and increase availability. In thermal power pl ants, the purpose of a su rface cond enser is to co ndense the exhaust steam from a steam turbine to obtain maximum efficiency, and also to convert the turbine exhaust steam into pure water referred to as steam cond ensate so that it may be reused in the steam generator or boiler as boiler feed water. These condensers are heat exchangers which convert steam from its gaseous to its liquid state at a pressure below atmospheric pressure. The condenser performance test and thermal performance. It is also important to note that, since areas of coal and lignite deposits are often short of water, this freedom of plant location opens. It is a shell and tube heat exchanger installed at the outlet of every steam turbine in thermal power stations. An introduction to condensers and auxiliary equipment for. This turbine is connected to an electrical generator. Steam condensers for thermal power plants market size, average pricing and key regulations to 2020 reference code. Thesis performance of an aircooled steam condenser. Thermal efficiency of steam power plant is defined as the ratio of heat equivalent of mechanical energy transmitted to the turbine shaft to the heat of combustion.
If the waste heat is instead used for district heating, it is called cogeneration. In order to meet the repaid increase in demand the installation of thermal power station is on obvious choice. It condenses the exhaust steam from low pressure turbine by the help of continuous circulation of cooling water, the cooling water extracts the latent heat from steam which leads to condensation, the condensate is collected in a hot well and pumped into the cycle using condensate extraction pumps. Introduction ue to the decreasing availability and rising cost of cooling water, drycooling towers or direct aircooled condensers accs are increasingly employed to reject heat to the environment in modern power plants incorporating steam turbines. In this paper, a comparative study of surface condenser used in a thermal power plant integrated with flower baffles to that of the condenser with segmental baffles and without baffles is done. Steamcturbine power plant which is sometime known as coal based power plant or thermal power plant, is a major source of electrical energy for any country. Sep 29, 2016 a surface condenser is an example of such a heatexchange system.
1155 725 464 345 272 1246 778 1014 474 211 1591 729 1326 1630 464 1340 366 382 797 104 1234 1440 971 1367 1353 1258 734 10 32 169 981 13 1401 109 1223 1540 1245 788 576 989 143 937 367 331 753 1396 360 790 1199